Posts Tagged ‘DefCon32’
[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Feet Feud
Tiberius, presenting as “Toes” with the OnlyFeet CTF team, hosted the lively “Feet Feud” game show at DEF CON 32, bringing together cybersecurity enthusiasts for a fun, interactive competition. Team captains Ali Diamond, known for her Hack 5 ThreatWire hosting, and John Hammond, a prominent cybersecurity educator, led their teams in a spirited battle of wits. The event, a fan favorite after unofficial runs in previous years, engaged the audience with hacker-themed challenges and quirky prizes, fostering community spirit and camaraderie.
The Game Show Experience
Tiberius kicked off the event with infectious enthusiasm, introducing Ali and John as team captains. Audience members, selected based on vibrant attire like orange bow ties, joined the teams, creating an electric atmosphere. The game, inspired by classic game shows, featured cybersecurity-themed questions and challenges, blending humor with technical knowledge. Tiberius’s dynamic hosting, supported by assistants Helen and Wolfie, ensured a fast-paced, engaging experience that kept the crowd entertained.
Celebrating the Hacker Community
The event celebrated the DEF CON community’s creativity and collaboration, with Ali and John leading their teams through rounds that tested hacking trivia and problem-solving skills. Prizes, including Hack The Box VIP vouchers, coding socks, and whimsical baby foot candles, added a playful touch. Tiberius emphasized the importance of community-driven events like Feet Feud, which provide a lighthearted counterbalance to the conference’s technical intensity, strengthening bonds among attendees.
Building on Tradition
Reflecting on Feet Feud’s evolution from a small gathering to a main-stage event, Tiberius highlighted its growing popularity, with this year’s crowd far exceeding the previous high of 40 attendees. The game’s success, supported by sponsors like Hack The Box, underscores its role in fostering a sense of belonging within the cybersecurity community. By encouraging audience participation and celebrating victories with quirky rewards, Feet Feud reinforces DEF CON’s unique blend of learning and fun.
Looking Ahead
Concluding, Tiberius expressed hope for Feet Feud’s return with even grander prizes, thanking Helen and Wolfie for their invaluable support. The event’s success lies in its ability to unite hackers in a shared celebration of their craft, inspiring future iterations that continue to blend competition with camaraderie. Ali and John’s leadership, combined with the audience’s enthusiasm, ensures Feet Feud remains a cherished DEF CON tradition.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: HookChain – A New Perspective for Bypassing EDR Solutions
Helvio Carvalho Junior, a renowned security researcher and CEO of Sec4US, unveiled his groundbreaking HookChain technique at DEF CON 32, offering a fresh perspective on evading Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) systems. By combining Import Address Table (IAT) hooking, dynamic System Service Number (SSN) resolution, and indirect system calls, Helvio demonstrated how HookChain stealthily redirects Windows subsystem execution flows, bypassing EDR monitoring without altering application code. His presentation, enriched with live demonstrations, challenged cybersecurity conventions and spurred discussion on adaptive defense strategies.
Understanding EDR Limitations
Helvio opened by outlining the rapid evolution of digital threats, which continuously challenge EDR solutions designed to monitor API calls through Ntdll.dll. He explained that traditional EDRs rely on hooking key functions to detect malicious activity, but these mechanisms can be circumvented. HookChain exploits this by manipulating the execution flow to avoid monitored interfaces, achieving stealth without modifying the source code of applications or malware. Helvio’s approach highlights the need for EDRs to evolve beyond static monitoring techniques.
Technical Mechanics of HookChain
Delving into the technical core, Helvio detailed HookChain’s methodology, which integrates IAT hooking to redirect function calls, dynamic SSN resolution to adapt to varying Windows versions, and indirect system calls to bypass EDR hooks. His live demo showcased shellcode injection into a process, executing it undetected by EDRs like CrowdStrike and SentinelOne. By leveraging techniques like Halo’s Gate to locate unhooked functions, HookChain ensures malicious payloads operate invisibly, achieving an impressive 66% success rate against top EDR products listed in Gartner’s Magic Quadrant.
Testing and Vendor Responses
Helvio shared results from testing HookChain against various EDR solutions, including remote process injection and credential dumping with tools like Mimikatz. His findings revealed that while some vendors, such as SentinelOne, implemented patches to counter HookChain, others lagged in response. He emphasized the importance of open collaboration, noting that two vendors engaged with him to test mitigations. Helvio’s transparency, including sharing his whitepaper and source code on GitHub, encourages the community to refine and challenge his techniques, fostering stronger defenses.
Future Directions for Cybersecurity
Concluding, Helvio urged the DEF CON community to embrace continuous innovation in security research. HookChain not only exposes vulnerabilities in current EDR systems but also paves the way for more adaptive solutions. He advocated for proactive strategies that anticipate emerging threats, inspiring researchers to explore new evasion techniques and defenders to enhance monitoring beyond Ntdll.dll. His work, rooted in a passion for discovery, sets a benchmark for advancing endpoint security in a dynamic threat landscape.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Leveraging Private APNs for Mobile Network Traffic Analysis
Aapo Oksman, a seasoned security researcher specializing in IoT and network protocols, delivered a compelling presentation at DEF CON 32 on harnessing private Access Point Names (APNs) to analyze mobile and IoT device traffic. As devices increasingly rely on 4G and 5G networks, bypassing traditional Wi-Fi monitoring, Aapo’s innovative approach enables security professionals to inspect, filter, and tamper with mobile network traffic. His talk provided practical techniques for both offensive and defensive cybersecurity, from penetration testing to detecting malicious activity in mobile ecosystems.
Challenges in Mobile Network Monitoring
Aapo began by highlighting the shift in device communication from Wi-Fi to mobile networks, which complicates traditional traffic analysis due to direct connections to ISP-operated base stations. Setting up private base stations, while possible, is costly and complex. Aapo introduced private APNs as a cost-effective alternative, allowing users to create isolated networks within ISP infrastructure. This approach grants visibility into device communications, overcoming the limitations of locked-down devices and enabling detailed traffic analysis for security purposes.
Harnessing Private APNs for Security
Delving into the technical details, Aapo explained how private APNs can be configured to route mobile traffic through controlled environments, such as firewalls or custom servers. His demonstration showcased the setup process, emphasizing affordability and scalability, with costs decreasing as more devices are added. By intercepting IP traffic, security professionals can perform penetration testing on IoT devices or monitor for malicious activity, such as command-and-control (C2) communications. Aapo’s approach leverages ISP infrastructure to create a controlled network environment, enhancing both offensive and defensive capabilities.
Uncovering Advanced Malware Threats
Aapo addressed the growing sophistication of mobile malware, which often avoids Wi-Fi or VPN connections to evade detection. He cited an example of a misconfigured malware detected via Wi-Fi traffic, underscoring that advanced threats are designed to operate solely over mobile networks. Private APNs enable defenders to monitor these communications, identifying C2 servers or other malicious activities that would otherwise go unnoticed. Aapo’s insights highlight the critical need for innovative monitoring techniques to counter evolving mobile threats.
Practical Applications and Future Directions
Concluding, Aapo shared project details and encouraged the DEF CON community to explore private APNs for their research. He emphasized the dual-use potential of his approach, enabling both penetration testers and defenders to gain deeper insights into mobile device behavior. By connecting private APNs to existing security infrastructure, organizations can enhance their ability to detect and mitigate threats. Aapo’s work paves the way for future advancements in mobile network security, urging continued exploration of ISP-based solutions.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Iconv, Set the Charset to RCE – Exploiting glibc to Hack the PHP Engine
Charles Fox, a security researcher with a knack for uncovering hidden vulnerabilities, captivated the DEF CON 32 audience with his exploration of CVE-2024-2961, a long-standing buffer overflow in the GNU C Library (glibc) that he leveraged to compromise the PHP engine. Discovered by chance while auditing PHP, Charles’s work revealed new remote code execution (RCE) vectors and previously unknown zero-day vulnerabilities. His presentation offered a deep dive into the internals of PHP, showcasing innovative exploitation techniques and their impact on the broader PHP ecosystem, while providing actionable insights for securing web applications.
Discovering the glibc Vulnerability
Charles stumbled upon CVE-2024-2961 while auditing PHP, though the flaw resided in glibc’s iconv library, responsible for character set conversion. This buffer overflow, overlooked for years, presented a potent opportunity for exploitation within PHP’s context. Charles detailed how his accidental discovery unfolded, emphasizing the importance of thorough code audits. By analyzing the iconv library’s behavior, he identified a pathway to manipulate PHP’s execution environment, transforming a seemingly innocuous bug into a powerful attack vector. His approach underscores the value of curiosity-driven research in uncovering critical security flaws.
Crafting Remote Code Execution Exploits
Delving into the technical intricacies, Charles explained two distinct methods to achieve RCE using the glibc vulnerability. The first targeted PHP filters, a lesser-known component of the PHP engine, which he manipulated to execute arbitrary code remotely. The second approach exploited direct calls to iconv, bypassing conventional security checks. His live demonstration showcased a sophisticated exploit that navigated PHP’s memory management constraints, even in scenarios without output visibility or with randomized memory allocations. Charles’s ability to achieve a shell under such conditions highlighted the vulnerability’s severity and his ingenuity in exploit development.
Impact on the PHP Ecosystem
Charles explored the broader implications of CVE-2024-2961, revealing its reach across popular PHP libraries and applications, including webmail platforms like Roundcube. He noted that email headers specifying charsets provided an ideal entry point for exploitation, as attackers could craft malicious inputs to trigger the buffer overflow. His analysis of affected sinks, from well-known functions to obscure code paths, underscored the pervasive risk within PHP-based systems. By sharing his findings, Charles aimed to alert developers to the hidden dangers in widely used software and encourage proactive vulnerability management.
Mitigation Strategies for Developers
Concluding, Charles offered practical recommendations to fortify PHP applications against similar exploits. He urged developers to update glibc to patched versions and scrutinize charset handling in their codebases. Additionally, he advocated for robust input validation and the use of secure coding practices to minimize exposure to buffer overflows. His work, shared openly with the community, empowers developers to strengthen their systems and inspires further research into PHP’s security landscape, ensuring the web remains a safer environment.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Hi-Intensity Deconstruction – Chronicles of a Cryptographic Heist
Javadi, Levy, and Draffe, a trio of security researchers, presented a groundbreaking study at DEF CON 32, unraveling vulnerabilities in HID Global’s iCLASS SE platform, a widely deployed electronic physical access control system. Over seven years, they reverse-engineered its complex chain of trust, uncovering flaws that enabled the recovery of cryptographic keys from CC EAL 5+ accredited secure elements. Their talk detailed the attack chain and provided practical mitigations for organizations relying on iCLASS SE.
Reverse-Engineering iCLASS SE
Javadi opened by contextualizing the ubiquity of HID’s iCLASS SE readers in government agencies and Fortune 500 companies. The team’s seven-year journey involved analyzing hardware, firmware, and software components to understand the platform’s security architecture. They discovered a series of implementation defects that compromised the system’s cryptographic integrity, challenging the notion that iCLASS SE was among the most secure access control solutions available.
Uncovering Cryptographic Flaws
Levy detailed the attack chain, which exploited pitfalls in the iCLASS SE’s secure elements. By targeting weaknesses in the hardware and software trust chain, they recovered sensitive cryptographic key material, effectively accessing the “keys to the kingdom.” Their approach combined advanced reverse-engineering techniques with exploitation of interoperability issues, particularly those tied to legacy Wiegand protocols, which undermined the platform’s security.
Operational Implications and Risks
Draffe explored the real-world implications, noting that standard key users face moderate risks, while advanced threat actors could exploit these flaws with significant skill. The vulnerabilities allow unauthorized access to physical systems, posing threats to high-security environments. The team’s findings underscore the dangers of relying on outdated protocols and the need for robust risk mitigation strategies to protect critical infrastructure.
Mitigating and Upgrading Security
Concluding, Javadi offered comprehensive guidance, recommending users transition to custom keys like HID’s Elite keys, which the vendor is offering fee-free for the first year. For advanced users, upgrading to the latest hardware and engaging with integrators to assess risks is critical. The researchers emphasized building security like an “onion” with layered defenses, urging organizations to work closely with HID to implement practical mitigations and enhance system resilience.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: MobileMesh RF Network Exploitation – Getting the Tea from goTenna
Erwin Karincic and Woody, security researchers with a passion for wireless technologies, delivered a revealing presentation at DEF CON 32 on vulnerabilities in goTenna Pro, a device promising secure, off-grid mobile mesh networking. Their rigorous examination exposed flaws in the implementation of AES-256 encryption, enabling message tracking, interception, and injection. Erwin and Woody’s work, conducted in collaboration with goTenna, culminated in open-source tools and actionable recommendations to enhance device security, challenging the community to verify claims of security.
Unmasking goTenna’s Security Claims
Erwin introduced the goTenna Pro, a radio used by personnel requiring secure communication without cellular or satellite infrastructure. Despite its AES-256 encryption claims, their analysis revealed vulnerabilities allowing fingerprinting and tracking of every message, regardless of encryption. By dissecting the device’s hardware and software, Erwin and Woody uncovered implementation flaws that undermined its security guarantees, highlighting the dangers of trusting datasheets without verification.
Exploiting Mesh Network Vulnerabilities
Woody delved into the technical details, demonstrating how they exploited goTenna’s mesh network to intercept and decrypt messages. Their live demo showcased the ability to inject malicious messages into the network, exposing operational risks for users in sensitive environments. The researchers developed open-source tools to replicate these exploits, encouraging the DEF CON community to test similar devices. Their methodology emphasized systematic testing of RF protocols, revealing weaknesses in goTenna’s encryption implementation.
Collaborative Remediation Efforts
Erwin highlighted their constructive engagement with goTenna, which responded positively to their findings. The company acknowledged the vulnerabilities and worked to address them, a rare success in vendor collaboration. The researchers also thanked organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and CISA for supporting their work, emphasizing the importance of community-driven efforts to hold manufacturers accountable and improve device security.
Empowering Secure Communication
Concluding, Woody urged the DEF CON community to challenge security claims and test equipment rigorously. They released their tools open-source, inspiring further research into mesh technologies like LoRa and Meshtastic. By sharing their findings and mitigation strategies, Erwin and Woody aim to reduce the risk of compromise for goTenna users, advocating for secure-by-design principles in RF communication devices.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Fireside Chat – The Dark Tangent and National Cyber Director Harry Coker, Jr
Harry Coker Jr., National Cyber Director at the White House, joined Jason Healey, a veteran cybersecurity expert and DEF CON review board member, for an engaging fireside chat at DEF CON 32. Their discussion illuminated the pressing challenges in cybersecurity, with a particular emphasis on securing space systems against escalating nation-state cyber threats. Harry, a former CIA and NSA executive, shared insights from his leadership at the Office of the National Cyber Director (ONCD), highlighting collaborative efforts to bolster national cyber resilience and develop robust policies for space cybersecurity.
Addressing Space Cybersecurity Challenges
Harry opened by underscoring the critical role of space systems in personal, economic, and national security domains. He noted that existing cybersecurity frameworks often fall short for space infrastructure, which faces unique threats from nation-state actors. Drawing from his experience at the NSA and CIA, Harry detailed ONCD’s work with federal space operators and industry partners to craft minimum cybersecurity requirements, as tasked by the Vice President. This initiative aims to fortify space systems against sophisticated attacks, ensuring resilience in an increasingly contested domain.
Advancing National Cybersecurity Strategy
The conversation shifted to ONCD’s broader mission, established through the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act to advise the President and align federal resources against cyber threats. Harry emphasized the National Cybersecurity Strategy’s proactive approach, moving beyond reactive incident response to foundational security enhancements. He highlighted partnerships with the Office of Management and Budget to prioritize cybersecurity funding and initiatives like the Counter Ransomware Initiative and Secure-by-Design principles, which shift responsibility to capable actors like technology producers.
Engaging the DEF CON Community
Jason probed the evolving relationship between the government and the hacker community, noting DEF CON’s transformation from a restricted event for federal employees to a hub for collaboration. Harry praised the community’s role in responsible vulnerability disclosure and encouraged active participation in initiatives like the Open Source Software Security Initiative, backed by $11 million from the Department of Homeland Security. He challenged attendees to tackle complex issues like Border Gateway Protocol vulnerabilities, emphasizing partnership as a cornerstone of ONCD’s strategy.
Cultural Reflections and Future Imperatives
Concluding, Harry drew an analogy to the “Ocean’s” film series, applauding its depiction of cyber integration in team missions, a lesson from his military and intelligence career. He stressed that cybersecurity is an imperative, not an inconvenience, urging the community to safeguard the Internet’s decentralized innovation. Jason echoed this, capitalizing “Internet” to signify its value, and called for continued vigilance to preserve its integrity for future generations. Their dialogue underscored the need for collective action to secure cyberspace.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Cultivating M4D SK1LLZ In the DEF CON Community
Yan Shoshitaishvili and Perri Adams, alongside collaborators like Connor Nelson, introduced DEF CON Academy, an ambitious initiative to elevate novice hackers to elite status, at DEF CON 32. Yan, a professor at Arizona State University, and Perri, a key figure in the DEF CON community, shared their vision for providing accessible, inclusive resources to nurture hacker talent. Their presentation highlighted the Academy’s role in fostering skill development through year-round programs and hands-on challenges, inspiring attendees to transcend the hallways and “hack the planet.”
The Vision of DEF CON Academy
Yan opened by describing DEF CON’s magnetic pull, drawing thousands to Las Vegas to witness legendary exploits and aspire to greatness. He noted that while talent and perseverance are vital, many newcomers lack the support needed to excel. DEF CON Academy, supported by Arizona State University and Jeff Moss (The Dark Tangent), aims to bridge this gap with open, practical resources. Yan showcased the Academy’s CTF platform, where participants like Chi Chessum and NN Goose earned challenge coins, demonstrating the program’s immediate impact.
Building Inclusive Learning Pathways
Perri emphasized the Academy’s commitment to inclusivity, ensuring resources are approachable for diverse learners. She highlighted interactive challenges and year-round events that complement DEF CON’s annual gathering. By providing clear, structured pathways, the Academy empowers novices to develop skills in areas like binary exploitation and network security. Perri’s vision, backed by collaborators like Connor, fosters a supportive environment where aspiring hackers can connect with mentors and peers, breaking down barriers to entry.
Hands-On Learning Through CTF
Yan demonstrated the Academy’s CTF platform, despite Wi-Fi challenges, showcasing real-time engagement with 24 solvers and 603 total solves. The live demo, though briefly hampered by technical issues, illustrated the platform’s potential to engage learners actively. Yan’s enthusiasm for community-driven education highlighted how the Academy leverages DEF CON’s competitive spirit to cultivate practical skills, encouraging participants to tackle challenges and earn recognition through tangible achievements like challenge coins.
Empowering the Next Generation
Concluding, Perri and Yan called on the DEF CON community to contribute to the Academy’s growth, thanking supporters like Jeff Moss for enabling this initiative. They envision a future where every hacker, regardless of background, can access the tools and mentorship needed to excel. By fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous learning, DEF CON Academy aims to elevate the community’s skill level, ensuring the next generation of hackers is equipped to tackle cyberspace’s toughest challenges.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Outlook Unleashing RCE Chaos: CVE-2024-30103
Michael Gorelik and Arnold Osipov, security researchers from Morphisec, unveiled a series of devastating remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Outlook at DEF CON 32. Their presentation focused on CVE-2024-30103, an evolution of CVE-2024-21378, which exploits Outlook’s COM object forms to trigger RCE from seemingly benign emails. Michael and Arnold’s meticulous research revealed additional NTLM credential leaks, exposing systemic weaknesses in Outlook’s security model and offering critical mitigation strategies.
The Evolution of Outlook Exploits
Michael kicked off by tracing the timeline of Outlook vulnerabilities, noting how incomplete patches often leave residual attack surfaces. He explained how CVE-2024-21378, a flaw in Outlook’s form handling, opened the door to RCE by allowing attackers to embed malicious COM objects in emails. Morphisec’s research built on this, uncovering CVE-2024-30103, which exploits trusted sender scenarios to execute code automatically upon email preview. Michael’s narrative highlighted the cascading effect of these vulnerabilities, turning routine email interactions into potential attack vectors.
Exploiting NTLM Leaks
Arnold delved into the NTLM credential leak issue, which Microsoft rated as medium risk due to mitigations like preview mode for untrusted senders. However, he demonstrated how compromised internal accounts could bypass these protections, enabling automatic image downloads that trigger NTLM leaks. Arnold’s analysis revealed that domain-joined devices are particularly vulnerable, as attackers can exploit trusted sender status within organizations to harvest credentials, amplifying the risk of lateral movement across networks.
Technical Breakdown of RCE Chains
Michael provided a detailed breakdown of the RCE exploit chain, showcasing how attackers manipulate Outlook’s form controls to execute arbitrary code. He highlighted the role of compound monitors, which process email content, in enabling these attacks. By leveraging insights from researchers like NetSPI and Check Point, Morphisec constructed a robust exploit that bypasses existing patches. Michael’s technical exposition underscored the complexity of securing Outlook’s extensive attack surface, particularly when patches introduce new vulnerabilities.
Mitigating Outlook Vulnerabilities
Concluding, Arnold shared actionable recommendations, including enabling SMB signing, managing outbound SMB traffic, and adopting Windows 11’s default NTLM restrictions. He emphasized the need for organizations to monitor trusted sender configurations and enhance email security protocols. Michael and Arnold’s work, supported by Morphisec’s threat research, calls for a reevaluation of Outlook’s security architecture, urging the cybersecurity community to collaborate on robust defenses against these evolving threats.
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[DefCon32] DEF CON 32: Using ALPC Security Features to Compromise RPC Services
WanJunJie Zhang and Yisheng He, security researchers from Huorong Network Security, delivered a compelling presentation at DEF CON 32 on exploiting Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) security mechanisms to compromise Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services. Their research uncovered a subtle flaw in ALPC’s security checks, enabling unauthorized users to escalate to system privileges. WanJunJie and Yisheng’s detailed analysis of ALPC and RPC internals, combined with their innovative exploitation techniques, provided a fresh perspective on Windows kernel vulnerabilities.
Understanding ALPC and RPC Mechanics
WanJunJie opened by demystifying ALPC, a Windows kernel mechanism for inter-process communication, and its integration with RPC services. He explained the marshal/unmarshal processes, previously underexplored, which handle data exchange between processes. Their research at Huorong Network Security identified how ALPC’s security measures, designed to validate data and context, could be subverted. By analyzing historical ALPC and RPC bugs, such as time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) issues, WanJunJie set the stage for their discovery of a novel vulnerability.
Exploiting the Security Flaw
Yisheng detailed the critical flaw they uncovered in ALPC’s security mechanism, which they dubbed “defeating magic by magic.” This vulnerability allowed them to bypass strict kernel checks, achieving system-level privilege escalation. By manipulating ALPC syscalls in the Windows kernel (ntoskrnl), they crafted an exploit that leveraged a small oversight in the security validation process. Yisheng’s demonstration highlighted multiple exploitation paths, showcasing the versatility of their approach in targeting RPC services.
Lessons from Bug Hunting
The duo shared their bug hunting philosophy, emphasizing the importance of distrusting vendor patches, which may fail to fully address vulnerabilities. WanJunJie advocated for creative and critical analysis during patch reviews, noting that side effects from patches can introduce new flaws. Their experience, drawn from Huorong’s rigorous testing, underscored the need for patience and persistence in uncovering kernel-level bugs. They also highlighted the potential for automation in extracting RPC interface information to streamline future exploit development.
Enhancing Windows Security
Concluding, Yisheng offered insights into fortifying ALPC and RPC security, urging Microsoft to refine validation mechanisms and reduce reliance on backward compatibility. They encouraged the DEF CON community to explore RPC’s specialized features for new attack surfaces and share innovative ideas. Their references to prior works, such as Clement Rouault’s Hack.lu 2017 talk, provide a foundation for further research, inspiring attendees to probe Windows kernel vulnerabilities with renewed vigor.